Procedures which do not cause anxiety, fear, pain or distress
such as non-invasive observation of animals in unchallenging circumstances.
For instance: field observations of grazing behaviour on
farms, or benign handling of tamed and trained animals which are familiar
with all personnel and procedures and with the place where the procedures
are conducted. Nutrition and growth studies where production is measured in
response to benign dietary changes.
No suffering or noxiousness. Procedures where
no justification is usually required.
