Procedures which cause severe, inescapable or unrelieved anxiety,
fear, pain or distress where the intensity or duration, or both, of the induced
suffering are at or beyond the limits of reasonable endurance.
For instance: conducting major surgeries without the use of
anaesthesia (e.g. where the animal is immobilised physically or with muscle
relaxants); testing the effectiveness of pain-killers (analgesics) in
animals with induced severe pain.
Very severe suffering or noxiousness. Procedures require
the most exceptional justification.
