Is periodontal disease a risk factor for preterm birth?

This study has completed recruitment.

Being born preterm (before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy) remains a major cause of babies dying and is associated with over 13% of all perinatal deaths. Babies born preterm who survive are at increased risk of developing breathing problems and other morbidities associated with immaturity. They also have a significant risk of longterm neurological disability. The prevention of preterm birth therefore remains an important health priority.

Periodontal disease is a chronic oral infection. Recent studies have provided some evidence that women with periodontal disease have an increased risk of preterm birth. There is promising, but limited evidence, that treating women with periodontal disease in other populations may reduce the risk of preterm birth.

Whether periodontal disease is a significant risk factor for preterm birth in the Australian population is unknown. This case control study will allow assessment of any association of periodontal disease with preterm birth, assess the incidence and severity of periodontal disease in the South Australian population, permit exploration of women’s knowledge, experiences and attitudes to dental health and their willingness to accept clinical practice recommendations.

Given the seriousness of preterm birth for the women and their infants, this is an important, priority research question.