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Synthesize available information, and research a key issue
concerning Australia's biodiversity: how to achieve the cross-disciplinary
approaches needed 1) for better estimation of overall biodiversity, and
2) for finding the balance with other needs of society, underpinning sustainability.
* Focus on the 2010 biodiversity target, plus Australian land use/climate
change challenges.
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Develop surrogates for overall biodiversity, based
on existing biotic and environmental data, allowing ongoing estimation
of gains/losses, and endemicity
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Explore use of phylogeny to improve estimation
- Use available historical data on land-cover change to answer - "how
much biodiversity has Australia lost and what are the future scenarios?"
- Explore impacts on overall biodiversity, using climate change scenarios
- Develop a multidisciplinary framework for exploring rates of change
in biodiversity loss, exploring 2010 scenarios
- Provide system for calculating "collateral" biodiversity
benefits associated with carbon accounting
Australia's 2010 target is "a significant reduction of the current
rate of biodiversity loss". Limitations of conventional indicators
for 2010 now require "broadening the science" (Science 2010
essay). The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment argues:
"Biodiversity surrogates based upon best possible use of a combination
of environmental and species
data may provide greater certainty
in estimating biodiversity patterns. Such a ''calculus'' of global
and regional biodiversity may allow biodiversity targets to be formulated
in ways that integrate socioeconomic factors" and "may provide
one pathway for addressing
the 2010 biodiversity target".
The research challenge is to 1) develop a biodiversity
calculus integrating best-possible use of available biotic and environmental
data, and 2) link this to socio-economic factors, to address the 2010
target, plus other climate and land-use change pressures.
Exploring novel, multidisciplinary, approaches to 2010-target assessment
(e.g., http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/eletters/307/5707/212#1272 ) requires
building on current opportunities to bring together exciting developments
in different disciplines, e.g.:
1) recent work by Australian Greenhouse Office (AG0), on carbon accounting,
has synthesized continental-scale land-cover change since 1972.
2) a prototype calculus has been demonstrated in Bioscience; it raises
prospects of links with climate and land-use change scenarios, plus
integration with phylogenetic pattern.
Our network project will address biodiversity scenarios relating to
the 2010 target plus other land-use and climate change pressures at
the scale of continental Australia. It brings together workers on #1
and #2 above, plus much related work. Information complementing biotic
data of museums and related data bases includes: AGO's 12 snapshots
since 1972 of detailed land-cover change for Australia, and national
environmental audit information and ANU climate data providing environmental
layers for surrogate-building. Addressing stated Aims is based on networking
scientists across disciplines of biodiversity, climate change/ carbon
accounting, remote sensing, land-use planning, systematics/biogeography,
and environmental/economic audits.
Early workshops will focus on synthesis of existing data, analytical
frameworks, and software. Later workshops will discuss pilot analyses
and grant preparation. Project results will be presented at an international
symposium focused on the project, at ICSEB 2008.
Our project exemplifies the Network vision of a large
spatial scale, multi-disciplinary, program exploring a complex problem,
addressing "synthesis and analysis of existing data in innovative
ways." We have a window of opportunity - leading research on modeling
"overall" biodiversity now can be married to leading research
on land-cover change, climate, and carbon-accounting. The group will include
representatives of key resource management agencies (AGO,DEC,DEH,LWA),
provide opportunity for early-career researchers (Cameron), plus feed
into a bioinformatics course at ANU. The project will influence international
research directions - e.g. through much-debated GDM and ED methods. Future
collaborative work and grants not only will extend the Australian framework,
but also may promote parallel work in New Guinea, possible use of bar-coding
linked to PD, and models for GBIF and GEOSS.
Outputs include one or more grant proposals addressing both the information
needs and the analytical framework needs identified through the project.
We anticipate additional top journal publications and conference presentations
on what are already some internationally prominent topics (e.g. GDM
and ED and PD/GD methods). Outputs also include first analyses based
on the toolbox and expanding information base created by the project.
Example outputs include estimates of how much biodiversity has been
lost since 1972; estimates of how balanced planning might shift the
"curve" reflecting rates of biodiversity loss in the context
of the 2010 target; estimates of areas containing either high species
or high PD-endemism; estimates of collateral biodiversity benefits
to be associated with carbon accounting efforts. Another output is
course material for an ongoing "bioinformatics" course at
ANU.The outcomes naturally include useful new multi-disciplinary collaborations.
Outcomes importantly include a range of enhanced capabilities to talk
about overall biodiversity in the context of the 2010 biodiversity
target, climate and land-use change scenarios, and trade-offs based
conservation planning.The project may provide a first working example
of the "biodiversity calculus" called for by the MA, enabling
1) better estimation of biodiversity patterns for Australian planning
and scenarios analysis, and 2) integrated use of biodiversity conservation
instruments (payments to private land owners; new protected areas),
so promoting sustainability through better synergies and trade-offs
with other needs of society.An important outcome specific to the 2010
target may be take-up of the idea that measurement of success against
the target must integrate land-clearing and other factors reflecting
other needs of society.
Working group members (initial group)
D. P. Faith, Australian Museum
Simon Ferrier, Dep Env Cons, NSW
Dan Rosauer, CSIRO
D. Yeates, CSIRO
K. Williams, CSIRO
C. Margules, CSIRO
M Byrne, CALM WA
G Richards, Australian Greenhouse Office
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S. Cameron, U. Cal, Davis
C. Moritz, U. Cal, Berkeley
R Waterhouse, ANU
J. Trueman, ANU
M. Crisp, ANU
S Pearson, Dept Land and Water
G. Wilson, Australian Museum |
H. Cogger, Australian Museum
B. Brook, Charles Darwin University
R. Crozier, James Cook Univ.
J. Hughes, Griffith Univ.
A Baker, QIT
H Nix, ANU
J. Stein, ANU
J. Kesteven, ANU |
The 2010 biodiversity target See https://www.biodiv.org/2010-target/
"In decision VI/26 the Conference of the Parties adopted the
Strategic Plan for the Convention on Biological Diversity. In its
mission statement, Parties committed themselves to a more effective
and coherent implementation of the three objectives of the Convention,
to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of
biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a
contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life
on earth.
This target was subsequently endorsed by the World Summit on Sustainable
Development.
In decision VII/30 the Conference of the Parties adopted a framework
to facilitate the assessment of progress towards 2010 and communication
of this assessment, to promote coherence among the programmes of work
of the Convention and to provide a flexible framework within which
national and regional targets may be set, and indicators identified.
The framework includes seven focal areas. The Conference of the Parties
identified indicators for assessing progress towards, and communicating
the 2010 target at the global level, and goals and sub-targets for
each of the focal areas, as well as a general approach for the integration
of goals and sub-targets into the programmes of work of the Convention.
Parties are invited to establish their own targets and identify indicators,
within this flexible framework." (quoted from https://www.biodiv.org/2010-target/)
Background to one approach to be considered by the EFN
working group is found in:
Faith, DP. 2005. Global Biodiversity Assessment: Integrating
Global and Local Values and Human Dimensions. Global Environmental Change
15(1) 5-8.
Faith, DP & Ferrier S 2005. Good news and bad news for the 2010
biodiversity target. Science Online, 6 Mar 2005
National Carbon Accounting Toolbox CD - a set of tools for
tracking greenhouse gas emissions and carbon stock changes from land
use and management, including the FullCAM modelling software and Data
Builder.
Data Viewer DVD - a unique 30-year visual record of landscape and
vegetation change in Australia since 1972, as seen through 5 national
snapshots of Landsat satellite data.
DIVERSITAS
"Integrating biodiversity science for human well-being. By linking
biology, ecology and social sciences, DIVERSITAS produces socially relevant
new knowledge to support sustainable use of biodiversity." See
http://www.diversitas-international.org/
The Australian National Committee for DIVERSITAS now
has EFN network (and 2010 working group) members, Faith and Yeates.
Participants at the First DIVERSITAS Open Science Conference: "Integrating
biodiversity science for human well-being" called for a properly
resourced international panel on biodiversity. (Oaxaca declaration
)
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.aspx
The "Biodiversity synthesis" document highlights
challenges in addressing the 2010 target. See http://www.millenniumassessment.org/proxy/document.354.aspx
Early career researchers
As part of the Environmental Futures Network's "Early Career Researcher
(ECR) Support Program", early career researchers associated with
the 2010 working group have submitted a proposal for a "Multidisciplinary
training workshop for the integration of biodiversity modeling, environmental
data, phylogenetic diversity, and carbon accounting"
The proposed two-day training workshop emphasizes multidisciplinary
aspects of training in the areas of species modeling, environmental
scenarios and carbon accounting. The workshop objective is to enable
ECRs to integrate, in their own research programs, exciting developments
in different disciplines that underpin "environmental futures."
These include integration of environmental and species data and integration
of biodiversity modeling with scenarios analysis and carbon accounting.
The workshop will broaden ECR research perspectives,
further ECR careers by providing training and introduction to new methods,
enhance collaboration among ECRs in various disciplines, and make a
contribution to research covered by the EFN and the 2010 working group.
The two primary ECR s organizing and running the workshop are Susan
Cameron and Rob Waterworth.
Publications/abstracts/reports
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Ferrier S. 2005. New directions in spatial modeling
of terrestrial biodiversity for conservation assessment and land-use
planning. In: Australian Entomological Society's 36th AGM and Scientific
Conference/7th Invertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation Conference/Australian
Systematics Society. Canberra, Australia, 4-9 December 2005. pp.
xxxii-xxxiii
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Faith DP & Williams KJ. 2005. How Large-scale
DNA Barcoding Programs Can Boost Biodiversity Conservation Planning:
Linking Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) Analyses to the Barcode of Life
Database (BoLD). In: Australian Entomological Society's 36th AGM
and Scientific Conference/7th Invertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation
Conference/Australian Systematics Society. Canberra, Australia,
4-9 December 2005. pp. 83-84. [this paper proposes that DNA barcoding
can greatly boost biodiversity surrogates information for use in
conservation planning tools, both through species data and through
phylogenetic pattern and PD]
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Faith, DP 2005.Phylogenetic diversity (PD) provides
biodiversity surrogates information that can enhance the contribution
of DNA barcoding programs to conservation planning
In: First DIVERSITAS Open Science Conference: "Integrating
biodiversity science for human well-being", 9-12 November 2005,
Oaxaca, Mexico. Symposium 14 - Phylogeny and biodiversity science.
Invited follow-up on the debates arising at DIVERSITAS, by 2010
working group members, will appear as guest editorial in Journal
of Biogeography:
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Faith DP et al. in prep. Biodiversity, barcoding
and biogeography. J Biogeography
Other EFN working group publications are:
- Faith DP & Williams KJ. in press. Phylogenetic diversity and biodiversity
conservation. McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology.
- Faith DP & Baker AM. in review. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and
biodiversity conservation: some bioinformatics challenges Evol. Bioinformatics
Online
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