Dental Therapy Library Tutorial

January 2008
Mick Draper

Table of Contents

Identifying Citations to Books

You can identify a citation to a book by the presence of:

          author(s) or editor(s), date,  book title,
        publisher, and place of publication.

For example:

Identifying Citations to a Chapter in a Book

You can (usually) identify a citation to a chapter in a book by the presence of the word 'in'
before the title of the book, or sometimes before the editor(s) of the book. Here is an example of a citation to a chapter.

Identifying Citations to Journal Articles

You can identify a journal article by

Citing References

When you use information from books and journal articles in your essays and other assignments, you must acknowledge this.
You must give credit to the authors you quote by citing them in a bibliography (list of citations) at the end of your assignment. If you don't do this you commit plagiarism.

Avoiding Plagiarism by Helene Hipp & Ursula McGowan from the Uni of Adelaide Language and Learning Service

Citation Styles

There are many citation styles that can be used for bibliographies. You should always follow the citation style recommended by your teachers. If there is no recommended style you should choose an internationally accepted style.

Here are some links to styles

Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts the requirements for presenting articles for publication. From International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.
The style for bibliographies using URM is called the Vancouver style This version is from Monash Uni Library.

B Davis Schwartz Memorial Library links to citation styles

Harvard Style
University of Leeds version of Harvard style bibliographies and references
University of South Australia's Referencing using the Harvard author-date system
Students are often told to use the Harvard Style, but there isn't a single standard version of the Harvard system.

The Library has some books on the topic of citation styles

The Chicago manual of style.
808.02 U58.15
1 copy in Reference, 1 copy in Main Collection

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
808.06615 A512p.5
Copies in Reference, Reserve, and Main Collections

Style manual for authors, editors and printers.
808.027 A938.5
Copies in Main Collection and at other campuses
This covers the Harvard style

Using the Catalogue to Find Known Books

Find the book Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence

Start at the Library Home.
Click on the Catalogue tab

Click on the triangle at the end of the box containing Keyword (search engine style)
Click on Title (omit beginning 'The', 'A' etc)

Type the book title into the Search for box.
Click on the Search button.

The Catalogue finds 4 editions of this title.
Click on the 2005 edition.

This will show you the details of the book, its location and call number.

Barr Smith Main Collection is on levels 1 and 2 of the building.

617.645 is the Dewey Decimal number of the book, and
P655p.4 is an additional number that gives this edition of the book a unique 'Call Number'. Together the book's location and call number give the precise place on the shelves where it's found

Available means that the book should be in the library.
If a book is on loan, the due date for it to be returned is displayed.

Remember not to include THE, A, or AN in your title search if it's the first word of the title.

A catalogue search for The human cranial sutures in health and disease
should be entered as
human cranial sutures in health and disease

To do a new search click on the New Search button at the top of the catalogue screen.

Or the New Search link at the bottom of the screen.

Searching for a Book By the Author or Editor Name
You can use Author in the catalogue to find a book if you know an author's (or editor's) surname and first initial.

Click on Author (last name first) in the by box.
Type in the surname, a space, and first initial in the Search for box
Click on the Search button.

Sometimes you'll be taken to an intermediate screen to select your author.

The library has 2 books by Monty Duggal.
Click on his name (highlighted in blue) to view the details.

Click on the link to the book you want to find details of location and call number.

Using The Catalogue to Find Known Journal Articles

Use Journal or Newspaper Title search in the by box.
Enter the journal title (e.g. Evidence-based dentistry ) not the article title in the Search for: box.
Click on the Search button, or press Enter.

In this case two journal titles appear.
One is the print form of Evidence-based dentistry, and the other is the electronic version.
Look at the print version first.

By looking at Library Has and Recent Issues you should be able to work out that the library has all the issues of this journal from volume 1 1998 to the present.
Record the call number and note any important location information such as Recent issues shelved in Current journals.

Finding Electronic Journal Articles

The second record for the journal Evidence-based dentistry links to the electronic version of this title.
Let's look for the article

Guided Keywords Searching

Perhaps you know about a book that includes the word hazardous in the title and you think the author's name is Miller but you don't know the author's initial.

Keyword search will help find the book quickly.
Click on the Guided Keyword Search button.
If the screen has returned to the Library home you will have to click on the Catalogue tab again.

Enter the terms you want to search (in this example hazardous and miller)
Click on the Search button.

You can also use Keyword (search engine style) for this sort of search.

Searching for Topics Using Guided Keyword

Guided Keyword search is also useful for finding items on a particular topic such as oral diagnosis.
You can type these words into the Search for box, or you can truncate words using the ? symbol.

e.g. diagnos?
This ? at the end of a word stem will cause The Catalogue to search for all words that begin with the letters
d-i-a-g-n-o-s.
This is equivalent to searching diagnose OR diagnoses OR diagnosis OR diagnostic OR diagnostically etc

The two terms oral and diagnos? will be combined by the catalogue using AND logic.
This means that The Catalogue will find only those items that have both of these terms within their records.

You can search for these terms as a phrase so that you restrict the search to phrases such as
oral diagnosis OR oral diagnoses etc.

Click on the box to the right of the Search for box, that shows all of these as a default.

Click on as a phrase.

Click on the Search button.

Logic Grids

To make sure that you get your search logic right before beginning to search it's very useful to use a logic grid.
Write down the main concepts that you want to search.
Under each concept write down any synonyms or alternative terms.

A search on oral diagnosis might be placed in a grid like the one below.
You can use any piece of paper to sort out your logic.

This will give you columns of words that can be combined using OR logic.

OR logic means that any one or more of several terms can be included in the search results.

AND logic means that all terms have to be included

Brackets mean that the operations inside the brackets must be done before operations outside the brackets
Your search will be

(oral OR endodont? OR orthodont? OR periodont? OR prosthodont?) AND (diagnos? OR symptom? OR sign?)

So all the ORs are done first, then the two separate groups of ORed terms are ANDed together. The result will be a group of records that has at least one of the terms from the first column and at least one of the terms from the second column.

To do this search using Guided Keywords enter all the terms from the first column in one of the Search for: boxes.
This is a keyword search so don't include the ORs but change all of these to any of these.

Now put the words from the second column of the logic grid into the second Search for box.
Remember to change all of these to any of these.
Click on the Search button, or press the Enter key.

You can make your searches more specific by limiting searches to particular elements of catalogue records.

You can find more details on using the catalogue in the Library Health Sciences Tutorial

Now you should know

Where to find books and printed journals in the Barr Smith Library
How to identify books, book chapters, and journal articles in reading lists
How to use the Library Catalogue to find known items
How to use Guided Keywords to find items on a particular topic

Library Exercise

You can do this exercise in pairs, and show me the results of your work

Find one of these books on the Library shelves

Peter W. Lucas Dental functional morphology : how teeth work
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2004

Lavelle, C. L.B. 1988. Applied oral physiology 2nd edition.
London : Wright

Kishen, A. & Asundi, A. 2007. Fundamentals and applications of biophotonics in dentistry
London : Imperial College Press

Palmer, Carole A. (2007) Diet and nutrition in oral health. 2nd Ed Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson

Brudvik, J.S. Advanced removable partial dentures Chicago : Quintessence Pub. Co., c1999

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Find one of these journal articles in print on the Library shelves

Cheifetz, A.T. et al (2005) Prevalence of bruxism and associated correlates in children as reported by parents. Journal of dentistry for children 72(2) 67-73

Ramos-Gomez, F.J. (2000) Oral manifestations and dental status in paediatric HIV infection. International journal of paediatric dentistry 10(1) 3-11.

Holst, D. et al (2001) Caries in populations - a theoretical, causal approach. European journal of oral science 109(3) 143-148.

Anya, P.G.F. et al (2005) A visual analog scale for measuring dental fluorosis severity. JADA 136(7) 895-901

Dunipace, A.J. et al 1997. An in situ interproximal model for studying the effect of fluoride on enamel. Caries research 31(1) 60-70

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Find one of these journal articles in electronic format

Do L.G., & Spencer A. 2007. Oral health-related quality of life of children by dental caries and fluorosis experience. Journal of public health dentistry 67(3) 132-139

Almerich-Silla J.M., & Montiel-Company J.M. 2007. Influence of immigration and other factors on caries in 12- and 15-yr-old children. European journal of oral sciences 115(5):378-83.

D.S. Brennan, A.J. Spencer, and K.F. Roberts-Thomson 2007 Quality of Life and Disability Weights Associated with Periodontal Disease Journal of dental research 86(8) 713-717.

Annunziata, M. et al 2006. In vitro biological response to a light-cured composite when used for cementation of composite inlays. Dental materials 22(12) 1081-1085

Senawongse, P. et al 2006. Age-related changes in hardness and modulus of elasticity of dentine. Archives of oral biology 51(6) 457-463

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Finding Journal Articles by Topic
Using PubMed

PubMed is a database of citations to more than 17 million health and life science journal articles from more than 4,600 of the world's most used journals. The University of Adelaide Library has a customized version of the PubMed Database that provides direct links to some Uni of Adelaide electronic journals. You can use this version of PubMed when you're in the BSL by finding it on

The Library Home

The Catalogue

Databases Tab

Resource Guides Tab

Outside the University you can get to PubMed using the url www.pubmed.gov

MeSH Database

PubMed has a subject index called the MeSH database. Using MeSH you can find citations to articles on a huge range of topics in PubMed.

Click on MeSH Database on the left hand side bar to open the MeSH search box.

PubMed operates efficiently using Medical Subject Headings or MeSH. These subject headings are used to index all articles on a particular topic no matter what terms are used by the author(s) in an article title, and abstract to describe the article's contents.

Using MeSH to Search for Citations
Type a term into the MeSH database

e.g. tooth extraction

Click on the Go button (or press Enter)

MeSH database offers

To find all the citations in the PubMed database that include the subject heading Tooth Extraction
Click on Links (found to the right of the subject heading)

Do probiotics improve oral health in children and adolescents

To help you formulate your search it's often useful to use the PICO principle for setting out a logic grid .
PICO is the acronym for Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
Write down the main concepts that you want to search for under each of these headings

To help you search you can construct a grid with the main concepts at the head of a series of columns. You don't always need to include all the aspects mentioned.
In this search the comparison is no treatment so that can be left out of the search.

Next think of synonyms, alternative terms, plurals etc. for each of these terms.
List these new terms underneath your original terms.   
Plurals, and British/North American spelling variations are worth including in your lists.
Always try to include at least one MeSH that describes the concept in each column.
Enclose all phrases that aren't MeSH in double quotes.

Truncation
In PubMed the truncation symbol is *,
it works the same way as ? does in the catalogue.
Don't use truncation on MeSH, because it will often alter the way subject headings are searched.

children	probiotics	oral health
child	probiotic	dental caries
adolescent		."tooth decay"
adolescen*		periodontal diseases

Always try to include at least one MeSH in each column if possible. This ensures that you include in your search all the citations indexed by that subject heading. You don't have to tell PubMed that this term is a MeSH, PubMed will sort that out. Including other non MeSH terms for the concept will help you to find citations to articles that don't have a MeSH.

When you type your search in the PubMed query box, the terms in each of your columns must be joined by OR logic and enclosed in brackets. The terms from different columns are joined by AND logic. Enclosing the terms from each column in brackets ensures that they are combined using OR logic before the AND logic is used by the PubMed program.

The search above becomes

(children OR child OR adolescent OR adolescen*) AND (probiotics OR probiotic) AND (oral health OR dental caries OR "tooth decay" OR periodontal diseases)

This can be typed in the PubMed query box.

Notice that the first citation found is "in process".

This means that the citation doesn't yet have MeSH.

Related Articles

PubMed runs a weighted algorithm based on MeSH, title words, and abstract words to find other articles that are similar to those you have found in your search. This will often allow you to find more articles that are about your topic. Just click on the Related Articles link to the right of any citation.

Citation Display Formats

Citations found by searches are initially displayed in Summary form.
This includes

To change the display format
click on the black triangle to the right of the Display indicator.

Point and click on the format that suits you.

Abstract
The abstract format includes the summary information and also where available an abstract (summary) of the article.

Some of these abstracts will have a Uni of Adelaide Online icon. A click on the icon should take you to the full text of the article.
Not all of the journal articles we have will receive an icon on PubMed. If there is no icon check the journal title in the Library Catalogue. You should be able to find the article if we have it.

You'll notice that PubMed uses abbreviated journal titles.
Abbreviated titles may not work in the Catalogue. It's safer to use the full title.
To find the full title on PubMed, point your cursor at the abbreviated title.
Don't click, just point.
The full title will appear (briefly)

AbstractPlus
This is the same as Abstract but with the first 5 related articles displayed to the right of the abstract display.

Review Articles

Review articles don't present new research results but assess research by several authors in a particular field. Reviews are useful for background information but often express the opinion of a single author. They aren't appropriate for evidence based practice unless they are systematic reviews.

To view review articles from your searches simply click on the Review tab below the Display box.

Limits

Sometimes your search will find more articles than you can cope with. PubMed offers a number of limits.
Click on the Limits tab.

Using limits can change the sort of citations you retrieve.
Some limits will remove many of the most recent citations.
It's probably safest to limit only to language and date.

Other Resources

Library Basic PubMed Tutorial
This tutorial is based on PubMed's own comprehensive tutorial and goes into more detail

Official PubMed Tutorial
This is a detailed tutorial covering all aspects of PubMed

Barr Smith Library PubMed Tutorial
This is more detailed than the basic tutorial but not as detailed as the official tutorial