The University of Adelaide Library

Using Barr Smith Library
MBBS 4 Students New to U of A

Mick Draper
Last update January 2009

Table of Contents

Identifying Citations	Logic Grids	Related Articles
Citing References	Library Exercise	Display Formats
Catalogue: Finding books	PubMed	Review Articles
Catalogue: Finding known articles	MeSH Database	Search Limits
Guided Keyword Search	MeSH: Finding citations	Other Resources
Guided Keyword Topics	PubMed Title and abstract searches

Before you can search for books, book chapters, and journal articles on the library Catalogue, you need to be able to distinguish between them.

Identifying Citations to Books
You can identify a citation to a book by the presence of:

author(s) or editor(s), date, book title,
publisher, and place of publication.

For example:

Identifying Citations to a Chapter in a Book
You can (usually) identify a citation to a chapter in a book by the presence of the word 'in'
before the title of the book, or sometimes before the editor(s) of the book. Here is an example of a citation to a chapter.

Sometimes the in is missing, sometimes it's in brackets (in). You need to carefully note that there is both a chapter title and a book title.

It is important to identify citations to chapters.
When you search for a chapter in The Catalogue, you will need to search for
the book containing the chapter,
not the chapter itself.
Using the example above, you would search The Catalogue for the book title
Experimental neuroanatomy: a practical approach
not the chapter title.

Sometimes lecturers have permission to make digital copies of book chapters. These will be put on MyUni.

Identifying Citations to Journal Articles
You can identify a journal article by

the presence of volume number, issue number, and pagination
the absence of the word 'in', name of publisher and place of publication

There may be variations in the citation style:

the title of the article may be omitted (usually in the bibliographies of older journal articles or books)

the journal title may be abbreviated, or in italics

the volume number may be in bold, plain text, or underlined

the issue number may be omitted

Citing References
When you use information from books and journal articles in your essays and other assignments, you must acknowledge this.
You must give credit to the authors you quote by citing them in a bibliography (list of citations) at the end of your assignment. If you don't do this you commit plagiarism.

Avoiding Plagiarism by Helene Hipp & Ursula McGowan from the Uni of Adelaide Language and Learning Service

Citation Styles
There are many citation styles that can be used for bibliographies.
You should always follow the citation style recommended by your University School or Discipline.
If there is no recommended style you should choose an internationally accepted style.

Here are some links to styles
Click on the button to view the instructions for writing manuscripts (journal articles, books etc) using the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts style.
From International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

On the button below you can see how to cite references under the Uniform Requirements. This is known as the Vancouver style.
From Monash University Library

B Davis Schwartz Memorial Library has links to other citation styles

University of Leeds version of Harvard style bibliographies and references
University of South Australia's Referencing using the Harvard author-date system
There isn't a single standard version of the Harvard system.

The Library has some books on the topic of citation styles

The Chicago manual of style.
808.02 U58.15
1 copy in Reference, 1 copy in Main Collection

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
808.06615 A512p.5
Copies in Reference, Reserve, and Main Collections

Other Resources on Scientific Writing for Medicine
Catalogue search for items on this topic

Uni of Adelaide's Writing Centre

Using the Catalogue to Find Known Books

Find the book Human embryology & teratology

Start at the Library Home.
Click on the Catalogue tab.

Click on the triangle at the end of the box containing Keyword (search engine style)
Click on Title (omit beginning 'The', 'A' etc)

Type the book title into the Search for box.
Click on the Search button.

The Catalogue finds 3 editions of this title.
Click on the 2001 edition.

This will show you the details of the book, its location and call number.

Available means that the book should be in the library.
If a book is on loan the due date for it to be returned is displayed.

Remember not to include THE, A, or AN in your catalogue search if it is the first word of the title.

A catalogue search for The human cranial sutures in health and disease
should be entered as
human cranial sutures in health and disease

To do a new search, click on the New Search button at the top of the catalogue screen,.

or the New Search link at the bottom of the screen.

Searching for a Book By the Author or Editor Name
You can use Author in the catalogue to find a book if you know an author's (or editor's) surname and first initial.
This will work if the person is the first, second. or third named author or editor.

Click on Author's Name in the by box.
Type in the surname, a space, and first initial in the Search for box
Click on the Search button.

You'll be taken to an intermediate screen to select your author.

If there is more than one book title, click on the link to the book you want to find details of location and call number.

You can also search for the name of a corporation or institution using Author.

Using The Catalogue to Find a Known Journal Article

Use Journal or Newspaper Title search in the by box.
Enter the journal title (e.g. Australian family physician ) not the article title in the Search for: box.
Click on the Search button, or press the Enter key.

In this case three journal titles appear.
One is the print form of Australian family physician, another is the electronic version.
The third title is one that was absorbed by Australian family physician in 1971.

Click on the print version.

By looking at Library Has and Recent Issues you should be able to work out that the library has
from volume 1 1972 to the present in print.

Finding Electronic Journal Articles

The second record for this journal links to the electronic version of this title.
Let's look for the article

Benson, J. & W. Donohue 2007 Hepatitis in refugees who settle in Australia. Australian family physician 36(9) 719-27

Choose one of the options for electronic access.

Guided Keywords Searching

Finding books using Guided Keyword
Guided keywords are useful when you know some details of a book but not enough to use title search, or author search.

Perhaps you know about a book that includes the word asia in the title and you think the author's name is Hunter but you don't know the author's initial.

Keyword search will help find the book quickly.
Click on the Guided Keyword Search button.
If the screen has returned to the Library home you will have to click on the Catalogue tab again.

Enter the terms you want to search (in this example asia and hunter)
Click on the Search button.

You can also use Keywords (search engine style) for this sort of search

Searching for Books By Topic Using Guided Keyword

Guided Keyword search is also useful for finding items on a particular topic such as diagnosis of diabetes in Australia.
You can type keywords such as diagnosis, diabetes and australia into the Search for box, or you can truncate words using the ? symbol.

e.g. diagnos?
This ? at the end of a word stem will cause The Catalogue to search for all words that begin with the letters
d-i-a-g-n-o
This is equivalent to searching diagnose OR diagnoses OR diagnosis OR diagnostic etc.

The terms diagnos? diabet? and australia? will be combined by the catalogue using AND logic.
This means that The Catalogue will find only those items that have all of these terms within their records.

You can search for terms as a phrase so that you restrict the search to phrases such as diagnostic imag?

Click on the box to the right of the Search for box, that shows all of these as a default.

Click on as a phrase.
Click on the Search button.

Logic Grids

To make sure that you get your search logic right before beginning to search it's very useful to use a logic grid.
Write down the main concepts that you want to search.
Under each concept write down any synonyms or alternative terms.

A search on diabetes diagnosis might be placed in a grid like the one below.
You can use any piece of paper to sort out your logic.

This will give you columns of words that can be combined using OR logic.

**Logic Grid**
diabet?	diagnos?
niddm	symptom?
	sign?

OR logic means that any one of several terms can be included in the search results.
Your search will be

diabet? OR niddm AND diagnos? OR symptom? OR sign?

To do this search using Guided Keywords enter all the terms from the first column in one of the Search for: boxes.
This is a keyword search so don't include the ORs but change all of these to any of these.

Now put the words from the second column of the logic grid into the second Search for box.
Remember to change all of these to any of these.

For a more detailed look at using the Library Catalogue you can look at
the Library Health Sciences Tutorial.
This includes sections on using other aspects of the Catalogue, such as how to place a request on a book that's on loan, and basic instruction on using the internet.

Library Exercise
You can do this exercise in pairs, and show me the results of your work

Find one of these books on the Library shelves

Anderson, H., J. Blundell, & M. Chiva 2002 Food selection : from genes to culture
Levallois-Perret : Danone Institute

Ludman, H & P.J. Bradley (eds) 2007. ABC of ear, nose and throat 5th ed Malden, Mass. : Blackwell/BMJ Books

Hodges, J.R. (ed) 2001 Early-onset dementia : a multidisciplinary approach
New York : Oxford University Press

Teichman, J.M.H. (ed) 2001 20 common problems in urology
New York : McGraw-Hill

Schneider, J.M., & S.K. Patrick 2006 Obstetrics and gynecology : PreTest self-assessment and review 11th ed
New York ; Sydney : McGraw-Hill

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Find one of these printed journal articles on the Library shelves

Hauk, F.R. 2006 Pacifiers and sudden infant death syndrome: What should we recommend? Pediatrics 117(5) 1811-12

Moore, M. 2008 Predicting the duration of symptoms in lower respiratory infections. British Journal of General Practice 58(547) 88-92

Elias, SM 2007 Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 19(3) 29-37

Donovan, E. et al 2007. Intensive home visiting is associated with decrease risk of infant death Pediatrics 119(6) 1145-1151

Giannattasio, C. 2003 Effects of heart rate changes on arterial distensibility in humans. Hypertension 42(3) 253-56

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Find one of these journal articles in electronic format

M aring rtensson a; Elisabet Stener-Victorin b; Gunnar Wallin 2008. Acupuncture versus subcutaneous injections of sterile water as treatment for labour pain. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87(2) 171-177

Burns, C. & S. Freil 2007 It's time to determine the cost of a healthy diet in Australia Australian and New Zealand journal of public health 31(4) 363-65

Coombes, R. 2007 Human papillomavirus vaccine: Life saving treatment or giant experiment? BMJ 334:721-723

Bos, M.J. et al 2007 Incidence and prognosis of transient neurological attacks. JAMA 298(24) 2877-2885

McCall, P.J., & A. Lenhart 2008 Dengue control. Lancet Infectious diseases 8(1) 7-9

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How to Find Journal Articles By Topic

As well as finding known journal articles using the catalogue, you'll need to learn how to find articles on particular topics.
Using internet search engines such as Google can result in spending a lot of time searching without finding the best articles.
The free online database PubMed, will give you access to many more journal citations that are relevant to your topics.

Finding Journal Articles by Topic Using PubMed

PubMed is a database of citations to more than 18 million health and life science journal articles from more than 4,600 of the world's most used journals.
The University of Adelaide Library has a customized version of the PubMed Database that provides direct links to some Uni of Adelaide electronic journals.
You can use this version of PubMed when you're in the BSL by finding it on

The Library Home

On the Catalogue

On the Databases Tab

Or on the Resource Guides Tab

MeSH Database

PubMed has a subject index called the MeSH database.
Using MeSH you can find citations to articles on a huge range of topics in PubMed.

Click on MeSH Database on the left hand side bar to open the MeSH search box.

PubMed operates efficiently using Medical Subject Headings or MeSH.
These subject headings are used to index many articles on a particular topic no matter what terms are used by the author(s) in an article title, and abstract to describe the article's contents.

Using MeSH to Search for Citations
Type a term into the MeSH database

e.g. hypocalcemia (Nth American spelling)

Click on the Go button (or press the Enter key)

MeSH database offers

a definition of the term
subheadings (see later)
some limiting methods
"entry terms"
your term's position in a hierarchy of MeSH

A MeSH search on a topic will find all citations that have that subject heading, or one of the subject headings indented below it. So a
A search for hypocalcemia will also find citations to articles with the subject heading Tetany.

To find all the citations in the PubMed database that include the subject heading Hypocalcemia
Click on Links (found to the right of the subject heading)

Click on PubMed in the menu that appears.

The PubMed database will then show all the citations that include these subject headings

Clicking on PubMed-Major Topic will restrict the citations found to those where the MeSH Hypocalcemia (and Tetany) are a major topic of the article.

Try a search now looking for Hypocalcemia as a Major MeSH.

Combining MeSH
To find citations on Hypocalcemia and Goiter
you can combine two subject headings

Click on the Back.
This time click in the box to the left of the subject heading Hypocalcemia.

A tick will appear.
Next click on Send to and then click on Search Box with AND from the drop down menu.

Notice that Hypocalcemia now appears in the PubMed Search box.
In the MeSH search box clear hypocalcemia and enter goiter.
Click on the Go button (or press Enter key).

Click in the box to the left of the subject heading.
Click on Send to.
Click on Search Box with AND.

Now the PubMed search box is set to search for citations of articles that include both subject headings
hypocalcemia and goiter.
Click on the PubMed Search button.

MeSH Subheadings
You can use subheading to make searches more specific.
If you want to search for the cytology of bone and biomechanics you can use a MeSH search with subheadings.
Type bone into the MeSH search box.
The MeSH database finds a lot of heading but the first one Bone and Bones looks the most suitable.
Click on the link.

Scroll down to view the subheadings available.
Click in one or more box to the left of each subheading you want to include in your search.

That will cover the cytology of bone part of the search.
Click on Send to.
Click on Search Box with AND.

Type biomechanics into the MeSH search box and click on Go.
Click in the box to the left of the subject heading.
Click on Send to.
Click on Search Box with AND.
Click on PubMed Search.

Text Word Searches

MeSH searches find the citations that have subject headings added. While this includes almost all citations in PubMed, MeSH searches often exclude citations to the most recently published articles.
To overcome this you can search on words that appear in the titles and abstracts of the citations.
It is sensible to include both MeSH and terms from the titles and abstracts of citations in your searches.

PICO Logic Grids and PubMed
It's always useful to write out your search in narrative form and decide on the main concepts.
It's usually best to write this as an 'answerable question'.

Is acupuncture a viable alternative to drug therapy for patients with back pain?

To help you formulate your search it's often useful to use the PICO principle for setting out a logic grid .
PICO is the acronym for Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
Write down the main concepts that you want to search for under each of these headings

To help you search you can construct a grid with the main concepts at the head of a series of columns.
You don't always need to include all the aspects mentioned.
In this search it isn't necessary to include pain relief in the search as the outcome because this is implied in the therapies.

back pain

acupuncture

drug therapy

______

Next think of synonyms, alternative terms, plurals etc. for each of these terms.
List these new terms underneath your original terms.
Plurals, and British/North American spelling variations are worth including in your lists.
Always try to include at least one MeSH that describes the concept in each column.
You'll need to tell PubMed whether you want it to search for a MeSH or in the titles or abstracts of citations.

To search for a MeSH add [mh] after the term.

back pain[mh]

To search a term in the title and abstract of citations add [tiab] after the term

back pain[tiab]

Mostly you'll want to search terms as both MeSH and in titles or abstracts

Truncation
In PubMed the truncation symbol is *,
it works the same way as ? does in the catalogue.
Don't use truncation on MeSH, because it will often alter the way subject headings are searched.

back pain[mh]	acupuncture[mh]	drug therapy[mh]
back pain*[tiab]	acupuncture[tiab]	drug therap*[tiab]
lumbago[tiab]	acupuncture therapy[mh]	drugs[tiab]
backache*[tiab]

When you type your search in the PubMed query box, the terms in each of your columns must be joined by OR logic and enclosed in brackets.

The terms from different columns are joined by AND logic.
Enclosing the terms from each column in brackets ensures that they are combined using OR logic before the AND logic is used by the PubMed program.

The search above becomes

(back pain[mh] OR back pain*[tiab] OR lumbago[tiab] OR backache*[tiab]) AND (acupuncture[mh] OR acupuncture[tiab] OR acupuncture therapy[mh]) AND (drug therapy[mh] OR drug therap*[tiab] OR drugs[tiab])

Enter this in the PubMed search box (not the MeSH search box)

PubMed runs a weighted algorithm based on MeSH, title words, and abstract words to find other articles that are similar to those you have found in your search.
This will often allow you to find more articles that are about your topic.
Just click on the Related Articles link on any citation.

Citation Display Formats

Citations found by searches are initially displayed in Summary form.
This includes

article title
author(s)
abbreviated journal title & publication details
a PubMed Identification number & the stage of indexing

To change the display format
click on the black triangle to the right of the Display indicator.

Click on the format that suits you.

Abstract
The abstract format includes the summary information and also where available an abstract (summary) of the article.

Some of these abstracts will have a Uni of Adelaide Online icon.
A click on the icon should take you to the full text of the article.
Not all of the journal articles we have will receive an icon on PubMed.
If there is no icon check the journal title in the Library Catalogue.
You should be able to find the article if we have it.

You'll notice that PubMed uses abbreviated journal titles.
Abbreviated titles may not work in the Catalogue. It's safer to use the full title.
To find the full title on PubMed, point your cursor at the abbreviated title.
Don't click, just point.
The full title will appear (briefly)

AbstractPlus
This is the same as Abstract but with the first 5 related articles displayed to the right of the abstract display.

Review Articles

Review articles don't present new research results but assess research by several authors in a particular field. Reviews are useful for background information but often express the opinion of a single author.
They aren't appropriate for evidence based practice unless they are systematic reviews.

To view review articles from your searches simply click on the Review tab below the Display box.

Search Limits

Sometimes your search will find more articles than you can cope with. PubMed offers a number of limits.
Click on the Limits tab.

Using limits can change the sort of citations you retrieve.
Some limits will remove many of the most recent citations.
It's probably safest to limit only to language and date.

Other Resources

Library Basic PubMed Tutorial
This tutorial is based on PubMed's own comprehensive tutorial and goes into more detail than this tutorial

Official PubMed Tutorial
This is a detailed tutorial covering all aspects of PubMed

Barr Smith Library PubMed Tutorial
This is more detailed than the Library's basic tutorial but not as detailed as the official tutorial

Barr Smith Library's Introduction to Evidence Based Dentistry
Covers some of the principles of evidence based practice.

Barr Smith Library's notes on How to Read an Article
Basic notes on critically reviewing an article

Barr Smith Library Health Sciences Resource Guide

Using Barr Smith Library MBBS 4 Students New to U of A