Biography/ Background
Teaching Interests
Research Interests
Publications

Dr Michelle Lane

Telephone	+61 8 8313 8176
Position	Senior Research Fellow
Email	michelle.lane@adelaide.edu.au
Fax	+61 8 8313 6387
Building	Medical School North
Floor/Room	2 17
Campus	North Terrace
Org Unit	Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G)

To link to this page, please use the following URL:
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/michelle.lane

Biography/ Background

Our Research Group studies the how the oocyte, sperm contribute to the development of the early embryo and how this programs the development of the pregnancy and affects offspring. Using state of the art techniques we are unravelling the biochemical and molecular basis for how a healthy embryo is made. In particular we ae focussing on epigenetic mechanisms including methylation and microRNAs. We also have an interest in embryonic stem cells.

We are at the fore-front of developing fundamental knowledge in oocyte development, spermatogenesis and embryogenesis to both develop new treatment therapies.

We also have a vast translational research program where we use this fundamental knowledge to improve IVF treatment for infertile couples. We work closely with world-leading IVF units Repromed and Monash IVF. We have several patents and have developed several new treatment regimes for IVF patients including the formation of sequential media and blastocyst development, vitirification and in metabolic assessment of embryos.

Her research group is currently active in understanding how lifestyle factors such as obesity and ageing impact on oocytes, sperm and embryos.

Michelle is an NHMRC Research Fellow, an inaugural Fellow of Reproductive Biology of the SRB, and in 2011 and 2012 her group has one several prizes at International meetings.

She received her PhD in 1996 and has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and many reviews and book chapters. She is internationally recognised for her work in understanding the biology of gametes and embryos and her team are frequently invited to give talks both nationally and internationally.

Teaching Interests

Our group is very active in student teaching.

We have several Honours and PhD students in our lab, and graduates from our lab are dotted around the world and Australia continuing to develop their science careers.

summer scholarships
Honours students
PhD students

Current available PhD projects involve:

Epigenetic basis of perturbed sperm function caused by obesity

Methods to revive an aged egg to improve IVF outcomes.

Understanding the role of microRNA in fertilization and embryo development.

Research Interests

Gamete and Embryo Biology Laboratory

Basic Research informing Clinical Practice

Our research team is about studying fundamental biology questions that will directly impact on patient outcomes.

Our interests are braodly in exploring the underlying cause of infertility and to develop better treatment strageties to improve the success of human assisted reproductive technologies. We collaborate closely with Repromed, South Australia's largest IVF unit.

Our research interests include:

Mammalian Oocyte Biology

Mammalian Preimplantation Development

Sperm Biology

Epigenetic control of early development

IVF/Assisted Reproduction

Impact of embryo health on pregnancy and offspring health

We also have a special interest in obesity and infertility.

Research Team

Dr. Michelle Lane (Female infertility and Nutrition)

Tod Fullston (Molecular basis of male infertility) (NHMRC Career Development Fellow)

Dr. Maria Olhsson-Teague (miRNA and infertility)

Lauren Sanderman

Verity Bell

Wan Kang

Nicole Palmer (PhD Student)

Sarah Wakefield (PhD student)

Jared Campbell (PhD student)

Leanne Pacella (PhD student)

Clinical Affiliates

Dr. Deirdre Zander-Fox (Environment and embryos)

Dr. Hassan Bakos (Male infertility)

Dr Kathryn Gebhardt (Viability markers for human embryos)

Publications

Total of 103 peer reviewed journal articles; H-factor 34.

1 Bakos HW, Henshaw RC, Mitchell M, Lane M. Paternal body mass index is associated with decreased blastocyst development and reduced live birth rates following assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:1700-1704.

2. Wakefield SL, Lane M, Mitchell M. Impaired mitochondrial function in the preimplantation embryo perturbs fetal and placental development in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:572-580.

3. Mitchell M, Bakos HW, Lane M. Paternal diet-induced obesity impairs embryo development and implantation in the mouse. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:1349-1353.

4. Campbell JM, Mitchell M, Nottle MB, Lane M. Development of a Mouse Model for Studying the Effect of Embryo Culture on Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation. Stem Cells Dev 2011.

5. Albuz FK, Sasseville M, Lane M, Armstrong DT, Thompson JG, Gilchrist RB. Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM): a novel in vitro maturation system that substantially improves embryo yield and pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2999-3011.

6. Wu LL, Dunning KR, Yang X, Russell DL, Lane M, Norman RJ, Robker RL. High-fat diet causes lipotoxicity responses in cumulus-oocyte complexes and decreased fertilization rates. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5438-5445.

7. Lopes AS, Lane M, Thompson JG. Oxygen consumption and ROS production are increased at the time of fertilization and cell cleavage in bovine zygotes. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2762-2773.

8. Bakos HW, Mitchell M, Setchell BP, Lane M. The effect of paternal diet-induced obesity on sperm function and fertilization in a mouse model. International Journal of Andrology 2010.

9. Zander-Fox DL, Mitchell M, Thompson JG, Lane M. Alterations in mouse embryo intracellular pH by DMO during culture impair implantation and fetal growth. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:219-229.

10. Brown HM, Dunning KR, Robker RL, Boerboom D, Pritchard M, Lane M, Russell DL. ADAMTS1 cleavage of versican mediates essential structural remodeling of the ovarian follicle and cumulus-oocyte matrix during ovulation in mice. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:549-557.

11. Schelbach CJ, Kind KL, Lane M, Thompson JG. Mechanisms contributing to the reduced developmental competence of glucosamine-exposed mouse oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:771-779.

12. Tremellen KP, Lane M. Avoidance of weekend oocyte retrievals during GnRH antagonist treatment by simple advancement or delay of hCG administration does not adversely affect IVF live birth outcomes. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1219-1224.

13. Chin PY, Macpherson AM, Thompson JG, Lane M, Robertson SA. Stress response genes are suppressed in mouse preimplantation embryos by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2997-3009.

14. Yeo CX, Gilchrist RB, Lane M. Disruption of bidirectional oocyte-cumulus paracrine signaling during in vitro maturation reduces subsequent mouse oocyte developmental competence. Biol Reprod 2009; 80:1072-1080.

15. Mitchell M, Schulz SL, Armstrong DT, Lane M. Metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in early mouse embryos following maternal dietary protein intervention. Biol Reprod 2009; 80:622-630.

16. Mitchell M, Cashman KS, Gardner DK, Thompson JG, Lane M. Disruption of mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle activity in mouse blastocysts impairs viability and fetal growth. Biol Reprod 2009; 80:295-301.

17. Robker RL, Akison LK, Bennett BD, Thrupp PN, Chura LR, Russell DL, Lane M, Norman RJ. Obese women exhibit differences in ovarian metabolites, hormones, and gene expression compared with moderate-weight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1533-1540.

18. Feil D, Henshaw RC, Lane M. Day 4 embryo selection is equal to Day 5 using a new embryo scoring system validated in single embryo transfers. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1505-1510.

19. Lane M, Mitchell M, Cashman KS, Feil D, Wakefield S, Zander-Fox DL. To QC or not to QC: the key to a consistent laboratory? Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:23-32.

20. Wakefield SL, Lane M, Schulz SJ, Hebart ML, Thompson JG, Mitchell M. Maternal supply of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter mechanisms involved in oocyte and early embryo development in the mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E425-434.

21. Yeo CX, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG, Lane M. Exogenous growth differentiation factor 9 in oocyte maturation media enhances subsequent embryo development and fetal viability in mice. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:67-73.

22. Lekamge DN, Lane M, Gilchrist RB, Tremellen KP. Increased gonadotrophin stimulation does not improve IVF outcomes in patients with predicted poor ovarian reserve. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:515-521.

23. Gilchrist RB, Lane M, Thompson JG. Oocyte-secreted factors: regulators of cumulus cell function and oocyte quality. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14:159-177.

24. Bakos HW, Thompson JG, Feil D, Lane M. Sperm DNA damage is associated with assisted reproductive technology pregnancy. International Journal of Andrology 2008; 31:518-526.

25. Banwell KM, Lane M, Russell DL, Kind KL, Thompson JG. Oxygen concentration during mouse oocyte in vitro maturation affects embryo and fetal development. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:2768-2775.

26. Lane M, Gardner DK. Embryo culture medium: which is the best? Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 21:83-100.

27. Dunning KR, Lane M, Brown HM, Yeo C, Robker RL, Russell DL. Altered composition of the cumulus-oocyte complex matrix during in vitro maturation of oocytes. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:2842-2850.

28. Lekamge DN, Barry M, Kolo M, Lane M, Gilchrist RB, Tremellen KP. Anti-Mullerian hormone as a predictor of IVF outcome. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 14:602-610.

29. Thompson JG, Lane M, Gilchrist RB. Metabolism of the bovine cumulus-oocyte complex and influence on subsequent developmental competence. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2007; 64:179-190.

30. Harrison KL, Lane MT, Osborn JC, Kirby CA, Jeffrey R, Esler JH, Molloy D. Oocyte cryopreservation as an adjunct to the assisted reproductive technologies. Med J Aust 2007; 186:379.

31. Feil D, Henshaw R, Lane M. Single embryo transfer on day 4 in unselected patients is a successful alternative to blastocyst transfer. Human Reproduction 2007; 22:I8-I9.

32. Dunning K, Lane M, Brown H, Yeo C, Thompson J, Robker R, Russell D. Altered cumulus oocyte matrix following in vitro maturation of oocytes. Biology of Reproduction 2007:199-199.

33. Sheehan CB, Lane M, Gardner DK. The CryoLoop facilitates re-vitrification of embryos at four successive stages of development without impairing embryo growth. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2978-2984.

34. Gardner DK, Lane M. One-step versus two-step culture of mouse preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1935-1936; author reply 1936-1939.

35. Feil D, Lane M, Roberts CT, Kelley RL, Edwards LJ, Thompson JG, Kind KL. Effect of culturing mouse embryos under different oxygen concentrations on subsequent fetal and placental development. J Physiol 2006; 572:87-96.

36. Sutton-McDowall ML, Mitchell M, Cetica P, Dalvit G, Pantaleon M, Lane M, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG. Glucosamine supplementation during in vitro maturation inhibits subsequent embryo development: possible role of the hexosamine pathway as a regulator of developmental competence. Biol Reprod 2006; 74:881-888.

37. Herrick JR, Lane M, Gardner DK, Behboodi E, Memili E, Blash S, Echelard Y, Krisher RL. Metabolism, protein content, and in vitro embryonic development of goat cumulus-oocyte complexes matured with physiological concentrations of glucose and L-lactate. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:256-266.

38. Zander DL, Thompson JG, Lane M. Perturbations in mouse embryo development and viability caused by ammonium are more severe after exposure at the cleavage stages. Biol Reprod 2006; 74:288-294.

39. Clark AR, Stokes YM, Lane M, Thompson JG. Mathematical modelling of oxygen concentration in bovine and murine cumulus-oocyte complexes. Reproduction 2006; 131:999-1006.

40. Kelley RL, Kind KL, Lane M, Robker RL, Thompson JG, Edwards LJ. Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone alters maternal ovarian hormone concentrations and the uterus and perturbs fetal development in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E761-770.

41. Sutton-McDowall ML, Mitchell M, Cetica P, Dalvit G, Pantaleon M, Lane M, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG. Glucosamine supplementation during in vitro maturation inhibits subsequent embryo development: Possible role of the of developmental competence. Biology of Reproduction 2006; 74:881-888.

42. Mitchell M, Schulz SJ, Hamon R, Armstrong DT, Lane M. The influence of maternal dietary protein supply on oocyte quality and mitochondrial homeostasis of in vivo and in vitro produced mouse embryos. Biology of Reproduction 2006:91-91.

43. Yeo CX, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG, Lane M. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) is present in mouse cumulus oocyte complexes and regulated by growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9). Biology of Reproduction 2006:104-104.

44. Walker DL, Gardner DK, Lane M, Tummon IS, Session DR, Thornhill AR. Cryosystem assessment by glucose uptake of murine blastocysts. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11:601-607.

45. Gardner DK, Reed L, Linck D, Sheehan C, Lane M. Quality control in human in vitro fertilization. Semin Reprod Med 2005; 23:319-324.

46. Karagenc L, Lane M, Gardner DK. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates mouse blastocyst inner cell mass development only when media lack human serum albumin. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 10:511-518.

47. Lane M, Gardner DK. Mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle regulates mouse embryo nutrient consumption. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:18361-18367.

48. Gardner DK, Lane M. Ex vivo early embryo development and effects on gene expression and imprinting. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005; 17:361-370.

49. Thompson J, Clark A, Froiland D, Stokes Y, Lane M. A "nutrient sparing" hypothesis to explain the nutrition of the immature bovine cumulus-oocyte complex. Biology of Reproduction 2005:173-173.

50. Karagenc L, Lane M, Gardner DK. Oestradiol, cyclodextrin-encapsulated 17beta-oestradiol and the oestradiol solubilizer 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin all impair preimplantation mouse embryo development. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 9:280-286.

51. Gardner DK, Lane M. Towards a single embryo transfer. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 6:470-481.

52. Gardner DK, Lane M. Blastocyst transfer. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2003; 46:231-238.

53. Lane M, Gardner DK. Ammonium induces aberrant blastocyst differentiation, metabolism, pH regulation, gene expression and subsequently alters fetal development in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:1109-1117.

54. Lane M, Gardner DK, Hasler MJ, Hasler JF. Use of G1.2/G2.2 media for commercial bovine embryo culture: equivalent development and pregnancy rates compared to co-culture. Theriogenology 2003; 60:407-419.

55. Gardner DK, Lane M, Stevens J, Schoolcraft WB. Changing the start temperature and cooling rate in a slow-freezing protocol increases human blastocyst viability. Fertil Steril 2003; 79:407-410.

56. Lane M, Maybach JM, Hooper K, Hasler JF, Gardner DK. Cryo-survival and development of bovine blastocysts are enhanced by culture with recombinant albumin and hyaluronan. Mol Reprod Dev 2003; 64:70-78.

57. Bavister BD, Kinsey DL, Lane M, Gardner DK. Recombinant human albumin supports hamster in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2003; 18:113-116.

58. Lane M, Maybach JM, Gardner DK. Addition of ascorbate during cryopreservation stimulates subsequent embryo development. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:2686-2693.

59. Reed ML, Lane M, Gardner DK, Jensen NL, Thompson J. Vitrification of human blastocysts using the cryoloop method: successful clinical application and birth of offspring. J Assist Reprod Genet 2002; 19:304-306.

60. Lane MC, Sheets MD. Primitive and definitive blood share a common origin in Xenopus: a comparison of lineage techniques used to construct fate maps. Dev Biol 2002; 248:52-67.

61. Gardner DK, Lane M, Schoolcraft WB. Physiology and culture of the human blastocyst. J Reprod Immunol 2002; 55:85-100.

62. Gardner DK, Lane M, Stevens J, Schoolcraft W. Ongoing development of a human blastocyst culture system. Fertility and Sterility 2002; 78:S8-S8.

63. Karagenc L, Lane M, Gardner DK. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates mouse blastocyst ICM development only when culture conditions are suboptimal. Fertility and Sterility 2002; 78:S170-S170.

64. Gardner DK, Lane M, Stevens J, Schoolcraft WB. Noninvasive assessment of human embryo nutrient consumption as a measure of developmental potential. Fertil Steril 2001; 76:1175-1180.

65. Lane M, Hooper K, Gardner DK. Effect of essential amino acids on mouse embryo viability and ammonium production. J Assist Reprod Genet 2001; 18:519-525.

66. Lane M, Gardner DK. Inhibiting 3-phosphoglycerate kinase by EDTA stimulates the development of the cleavage stage mouse embryo. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 60:233-240.

67. Lane M, O'Donovan MK, Squires EL, Seidel GE, Jr., Gardner DK. Assessment of metabolism of equine morulae and blastocysts. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 59:33-37.

68. Ludwig TE, Lane M, Bavister BD. Differential effect of hexoses on hamster embryo development in culture. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:1366-1374.

69. Lane M, Gardner DK. Vitrification of mouse oocytes using a nylon loop. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 58:342-347.

70. Gandhi AP, Lane M, Gardner DK, Krisher RL. Substrate utilization in porcine embryos cultured in NCSU23 and G1.2/G2.2 sequential culture media. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 58:269-275.

71. Gardner DK, Lane M, Stevens J, Schoolcraft WB. Increased human blastocyst viability by changing the start temperature and cooling rate in a slow freezing protocol. Fertility and Sterility 2001; 76:S80-S80.

72. Gardner DK, Lane M, Schoolcraft WB. Culture and transfer of viable blastocysts: a feasible proposition for human IVF. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 Suppl 6:9-23.

73. Gardner DK, Lane MW, Lane M. EDTA stimulates cleavage stage bovine embryo development in culture but inhibits blastocyst development and differentiation. Mol Reprod Dev 2000; 57:256-261.

74. Gardner DK, Lane M, Stevens J, Schlenker T, Schoolcraft WB. Blastocyst score affects implantation and pregnancy outcome: towards a single blastocyst transfer. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:1155-1158.

75. Gandhi AP, Lane M, Gardner DK, Krisher RL. A single medium supports development of bovine embryos throughout maturation, fertilization and culture. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:395-401.

76. Lane M, Gardner DK. Lactate regulates pyruvate uptake and metabolism in the preimplantation mouse embryo. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:16-22.

77. Lane M, Gardner DK. Regulation of ionic homeostasis by mammalian embryos. Semin Reprod Med 2000; 18:195-204.

78. Lane M, Schoolcraft WB, Gardner DK. Vitrification of mouse and human blastocysts using a novel cryoloop container-less technique. Fertil Steril 1999; 72:1073-1078.

79. Gardner DK, Rodriegez-Martinez H, Lane M. Fetal development after transfer is increased by replacing protein with the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan for mouse embryo culture and transfer. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:2575-2580.

80. Schoolcraft WB, Gardner DK, Lane M, Schlenker T, Hamilton F, Meldrum DR. Blastocyst culture and transfer: analysis of results and parameters affecting outcome in two in vitro fertilization programs. Fertil Steril 1999; 72:604-609.

81. Lane M, Baltz JM, Bavister BD. Bicarbonate/chloride exchange regulates intracellular pH of embryos but not oocytes of the hamster. Biol Reprod 1999; 61:452-457.

82. Krisher RL, Lane M, Bavister BD. Developmental competence and metabolism of bovine embryos cultured in semi-defined and defined culture media. Biol Reprod 1999; 60:1345-1352.

83. Lane M, Bavister BD, Lyons EA, Forest KT. Containerless vitrification of mammalian oocytes and embryos. Nat Biotechnol 1999; 17:1234-1236.

84. Lane M, Bavister BD. Regulation of intracellular pH in bovine oocytes and cleavage stage embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 1999; 54:396-401.

85. Lane M, Baltz JM, Bavister BD. Na+/H+ antiporter activity in hamster embryos is activated during fertilization. Dev Biol 1999; 208:244-252.

86. Lane M, Ludwig TE, Bavister BD. Phosphate induced developmental arrest of hamster two-cell embryos is associated with disrupted ionic homeostasis. Molecular Reproduction and Development 1999; 54:410-417.

87. Gardner DK, Lane M. Culture of viable human blastocysts in defined sequential serum-free media. Hum Reprod 1998; 13 Suppl 3:148-159; discussion 160.

88. Lane M, Bavister BD. Calcium homeostasis in early hamster preimplantation embryos. Biol Reprod 1998; 59:1000-1007.

89. Lane M, Boatman DE, Albrecht RM, Bavister BD. Intracellular divalent cation homeostasis and developmental competence in the hamster preimplantation embryo. Mol Reprod Dev 1998; 50:443-450.

90. Lane M, Gardner DK. Amino acids and vitamins prevent culture-induced metabolic perturbations and associated loss of viability of mouse blastocysts. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:991-997.

91. Gardner DK, Vella P, Lane M, Wagley L, Schlenker T, Schoolcraft WB. Culture and transfer of human blastocysts increases implantation rates and reduces the need for multiple embryo transfers. Fertil Steril 1998; 69:84-88.

92. Gardner DK, Lane M. Culture and selection of viable blastocysts: a feasible proposition for human IVF? Hum Reprod Update 1997; 3:367-382.

93. Lane M, Gardner DK. Differential regulation of mouse embryo development and viability by amino acids. J Reprod Fertil 1997; 109:153-164.

94. Gardner DK, Lane M. Alleviation of the '2-cell block' and development to the blastocyst of CF1 mouse embryos: role of amino acids, EDTA and physical parameters. Hum Reprod 1996; 11:2703-2712.

95. Lane M, Gardner DK. Selection of viable mouse blastocysts prior to transfer using a metabolic criterion. Hum Reprod 1996; 11:1975-1978.

96. Gardner DK, Selwood L, Lane M. Nutrient uptake and culture of Sminthopsis macroura (stripe-faced dunnart) embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996; 8:685-690.

97. Gardner DK, Lane M, Calderon I, Leeton J. Environment of the preimplantation human embryo in vivo: metabolite analysis of oviduct and uterine fluids and metabolism of cumulus cells. Fertil Steril 1996; 65:349-353.

98. Lane M, Gardner DK. Removal of embryo-toxic ammonium from the culture medium by in situ enzymatic conversion to glutamate. J Exp Zool 1995; 271:356-363.

99. Gardner DK, Lane M, Spitzer A, Batt PA. Enhanced rates of cleavage and development for sheep zygotes cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro in the absence of serum and somatic cells: amino acids, vitamins, and culturing embryos in groups stimulate development. Biol Reprod 1994; 50:390-400.

100. Gardner DK, Lane M, Spitzer A, Batt PA. Enhanced Rates of Cleavage and Development for Sheep Zygotes Cultured to the Blastocyst Stage in-Vitro in the Absence of Serum and Somatic-Cells - Amino-Acids, Vitamins, and Culturing Embryos in Groups Stimulate Development. Biology of Reproduction 1994; 50:390-400.

101. Gardner DK, Lane M, Batt P. Uptake and metabolism of pyruvate and glucose by individual sheep preattachment embryos developed in vivo. Mol Reprod Dev 1993; 36:313-319.

102. Gardner DK, Lane M. Amino acids and ammonium regulate mouse embryo development in culture. Biol Reprod 1993; 48:377-385.

103. Lane M, Gardner DK. Effect of incubation volume and embryo density on the development and viability of mouse embryos in vitro. Hum Reprod 1992; 7:558-562.

Entry last updated: Wednesday, 19 Sep 2012

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